"Finding the cause of death of the crew has finally allowed us to declare the mystery solved." "The disappearance of the Hunley has long stood as one of the great mysteries of American history," says Lance. Therefore, the authors suggest that the blast wave transmitted from the Hunley's hull to its cabin likely killed its crew. While the actual blast transmission of the HL Hunley is likely underestimated in this scaled model, the strength of the blast was estimated to be sufficient enough to cause pulmonary and brain trauma to the cabin crew. This data was used in combination with archival experimental data to calculate the risk to the cabin crew from its own torpedo. The experiment was scaled so that the force of the blast transmitted in the same way as the pressure transmission into the HL Hunley.
An internal pressure gauge at the center of the Tiny measured the pressure inside the cabin generated by each blast. To recreate and measure the black powder explosion that occurred in 1864, Rachel Lance and colleagues constructed a scale model of the HL Hunley, named the CSS Tiny, and exposed it to underwater blasts. 150 years later, it's still not clear how the crew of the HL Hunley died. When the submarine was raised from the ocean floor in 2000, the skeletons of its 8 crewmembers were found seated at their respective stations, with no physical injuries or indications that they were attempting to escape. Following its attack on the Union ship, however, the Hunley also ended up sinking. The Confederate submarine HL Hunley sank the Union ship Housatonic on Februby setting off a black powder torpedo against its hull. The crew of the Civil War submarine HL Hunley likely died from airblast injuries, according to a study published Augin the open-access journal PLOS ONE by Rachel Lance from Duke University, USA and colleagues. Image: The HL Hunley as it would have appeared in attack position on the evening of February 17, 1864.
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